They refer to the hemoglobin gene constituents on the red blood cells. The genotypes in humans are AA, AS, AC, SS. Genotype can simply be defined as the genetic constitution of an individual organism. They’re carriers of the disease, which means they can pass the gene to their children.Ĭonsequently, there is the need for increased awareness on importance of genotype test before marriage because it is the problem of genotype incompatibility that results in Sickle cell disorders, with high prevalence rates in Africa, south of the Sahara, according to Health Tips by the AUN Health Centre. Their blood might contain some sickle cells, but they generally don’t have symptoms. With one normal hemoglobin gene and one defective form of the gene, people with the sickle cell trait make both normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. The disorder is caused by mutation in the gene that tells the body to make the iron-rich compound that makes blood red and enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body (hemoglobin). There’s no cure for most people with sickle cell, but treatments can relieve pain and help to prevent complications associated with the disease, which can last for years or be lifelong, and requires a medical diagnosis such as lab tests or imaging. These rigid, sticky cells can get stucked in small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body. Normally, the flexible, round red blood cells move easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell, the red blood cells are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. Normal red blood cells usually live for about 120 days before being replaced, but in patients with Sickle Cell Disease, the cells die in 10 to 20 days, causing a shortage, and without enough red blood cells, the body cannot get enough oxygen, causing pains and fatigue. It is an inherited group of disorders, where red blood cells contort into a sickle shape and die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells to convey oxygen throughout the body, blocking blood flow and causing pain to the patient, generally referred to as sickle cell crisis. Sickle Cell Disorder, also known as Sickle Cell Anaemia, is a group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down. The day had “Shine the Light on Sickle Cell” as its theme for 2021, focusing on increased awareness about the disease. As the world celebrated Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) Day on June 19, declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO), there is the need to know what it is all about, so that people can take precautions to avoid having children with the disorder, being a hereditary disease.
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